MIGRAWARE

Migration is a complex phenomenon that requires careful analysis by researchers to understand its nature and magnitude. It also involves many factors such as economic growth, political stability and peace in the host country, institutional capacity (particularly with regard to governance), social structure (including gender issues), infrastructure development, etc. Migration is a common phenomenon around the world. Many people move from one place to another in search of better opportunities and a better quality of life. Migration is one of the most important issues in Africa. It is a phenomenon that has been happening since the beginning of time, but it is only recently that its impact has been felt on a large scale. In Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Nigeria, millions of people are leaving their countries to seek better opportunities abroad.

The three countries have very different situations, but they are all experiencing migration pressures. In Burkina Faso, the population growth rate is extremely high because of high fertility rates and poor living conditions. This creates a scarcity of jobs for young people and makes them more vulnerable to migration. In Ghana, there are also many unemployed youths who want to improve their lives by moving to other countries. The same applies for Nigeria, where most citizens live below the poverty line and cannot afford to send their children abroad for education or work purposes.

The study aimed at understanding the types of migrants, the migration routes, and the research methodology employed by the authors in Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Nigeria. This was done by reviewing 119 articles. The methodologies employed by authors in the countries of interest, as shown in Figure 1, included literature reviews, surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, etc.

– Environmental migrants: These are people displaced by natural disasters, such as floods or droughts, who move to other parts of the globe. They are usually unable to return home due to a lack of funds or political instability, which makes them feel safer staying overseas. people who have had to migrate due to deteriorating environmental conditions. They may be forced to migrate if their habitat is destroyed or if they have no alternative means of subsistence. These are those displaced by natural disasters, such as floods or droughts, who move to other parts of the globe. They are usually unable to return home due to a lack of funds or political instability, which makes them feel safer staying overseas. These are people who have moved to a new place as a result of the pollution in their former homeland (see Figure 2).

– Socio-economic migrants: the unemployed, underemployed, and low-earners—sometimes traverse international boundaries to find work. Due to unemployment, these people moved abroad. Ghanaian farmers have moved to cities to work as industrial workers or domestic servants. These people leave home to work or study abroad owing to a lack of opportunities. They may also flee war zones (areas where there is persistent violence between various factions within a community or even across cultures, such as fights for land ownership rights, etc.). Relocated workers, students, and refugees comprise this group. Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Nigeria have seen a surge in immigration. The West African economic slump is the main cause. Due to high unemployment and poverty rates, many have left for better opportunities. These people leave home to work or study abroad owing to a lack of opportunities. They may also flee war zones (areas where there is persistent violence between various factions within a community or even across cultures, such as fights for land ownership rights, etc.).